In late AD 9, the Roman Empire suffered one of its most devastating defeats. The massacre of three legions, XVII, XVIII, and XIX, occurred in the Teutoburg Forest of Germania Magna, an area roughly corresponding to modern-day Germany, Poland, the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Hungary, and Austria. The primary sources that Read more
I came across this subject at the intersection of the fantastic book I’m finishing, Assyria: The Rise and Fall of the World’s First Empire, and a lifelong subject of interest; the march of the Ten Thousand from modern-day Iraq, north through the Caucasus to the Black Sea in the late Read more
Effective leadership and proper logistics are mandatory for victory in any military campaign. If one of these variables fails, the army is steadily weakened and, eventually, eliminated. History is rife with examples of campaigns gone wrong through ignorance of these rules. The First Crusade provides a good example of how Read more